Understanding pandemic learning gaps – by age, not by blame

As educators and families continue to assess the lasting effects of pandemic learning disruption, a recent HuffPost feature takes a deeper look at which school years were most affected and why the impact is still unfolding today.

Rather than framing learning loss as a failure of effort, the article emphasises timing: the specific developmental stages students were in when schools closed. From early literacy to executive function and social-emotional development, the disruption reshaped foundational learning moments that are still reverberating in classrooms.

Kris Astle, education strategist at SMART Technologies, shared critical insight into how middle school and transition years were uniquely affected, beyond what test scores alone reveal:

• Interrupted social-emotional development: Middle school is a formative time for identity, emotional regulation and collaboration. Astle notes that teachers are now seeing students struggle with conflict resolution, focus, and confidence – often quietly and inconsistently.
• Executive function gaps: Skills like attention management, organisation and collaboration were particularly disrupted, leaving students unevenly prepared for independent learning.
• Widening classroom variability: Some students are academically on track but lack self-regulation or teamwork skills, while others need academic reinforcement but demonstrate strong interpersonal strengths – highlighting ongoing equity and access gaps.
• The role of technology – when used well: Astle points to adaptive learning tools, interactive lessons, and AI-driven assessments as powerful supports for identifying nuanced gaps and personalising instruction, while reinforcing that technology must extend human connection, not replace it.

Explore resources to support with social emotional learning and student outcomes.

The article proves that pandemic learning gaps are developmental, not moral. Recovery is possible, but it requires empathy, targeted support, and tools that meet students where they are – academically and emotionally.

Read the full HuffPost story to explore the grade-by-grade breakdown and expert perspectives, and insights from education leaders.